What Is an EIN and Who Needs It?
An EIN (Employer Identification Number) is a unique nine-digit number issued by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). It’s used to identify your business for tax purposes, kind of like a Social Security Number, but for your company.
Even if you don’t plan to hire employees, your business might still need an EIN. Think of it as your company’s ID when dealing with banks, the IRS, and payment processors.
So, who needs an EIN?
You’ll likely need one if you:
- Form an LLC or corporation in the US
- Open a US business bank account
- Hire employees in the US
- File federal taxes
- Apply for business licenses or permits
- Work with payment processors like Stripe, PayPal, or Amazon
For non-US residents, getting your EIN is a key step in running a legitimate business in the US. It’s required if you’re forming a US-based LLC, especially if your business earns income in the US or needs to report taxes.
Can I Apply Without an SSN or ITIN?
Yes, you can. Many foreign business owners are surprised to learn this, but you don’t need a US Social Security Number (SSN) or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) to get an EIN.
The IRS understands that non-residents may want to start US businesses, and they’ve made a process for that. It just requires a bit more paperwork and patience.
Here’s the catch:
- You can’t apply online if you don’t have an SSN or ITIN. The online EIN application form (on the IRS website) requires one of those numbers.
- Instead, you’ll need to submit IRS Form SS-4 manually, either by fax or mail.
This is the exact method the IRS recommends for foreign-owned LLCs and non-resident entrepreneurs. On the form, there’s even a specific instruction: If you don’t have an SSN or ITIN, you can leave that field blank.
So, if you’re wondering how to get EIN without SSN, the answer is: yes, it’s possible, and totally legal. You’ll just need to follow the correct steps and send the application through the right channel. Don’t worry, we’ll walk you through that process in the next section.
How to Apply for an EIN
If you don’t have a Social Security Number or ITIN, you can still apply for an EIN, which only needs a few extra steps. Here’s a simple walk-through to help you get it done smoothly.
Fill Out IRS Form SS-4
This is the official form used to apply for an EIN. You can download it directly from the IRS website. We will break down important parts of the form in the next section.
Write “Foreign” at the Top of the Form
This lets the IRS know you’re applying from outside the US. It can help avoid delays in processing.
Send the Form to the IRS
Since you can’t apply online without an SSN or ITIN, you’ll need to fax or mail the completed form:
- Fax: +1 855-215-1627 (for international applicants)
- Mail:
Internal Revenue Service
Attn: EIN Operation
Cincinnati, OH 45999, USA
Faxing is much faster; most applicants receive their EIN within 4 to 5 business days via return fax.
Wait for the EIN Assignment Letter (CP 575)
If faxed, the IRS will fax back your EIN confirmation letter. If mailed, it can take 4 to 6 weeks to arrive. Be sure to check your email or fax machine frequently if you took the fast route.
This process is a key part of our ultimate EIN guide for non-residents. It may seem tricky at first, but once you follow these steps carefully, you’ll be on your way to doing business legally and confidently in the US.
How to Fill Out IRS Form SS-4
Filling out the IRS Form SS-4 is a key part of getting your EIN even without a Social Security Number (SSN) or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). You can also complete the form as a non-resident. You just need to know how to approach the sections that ask for US-based details.
Here’s a simple walkthrough to help you do it right:
Step-by-Step Breakdown of Key Fields
- Line 1 – Legal Name of Entity
Enter the full legal name of your LLC as it appears on your formation documents.
- Line 2 – Trade Name (if different)
If your business uses a “doing business as” (DBA) name, add it here. Otherwise, leave it blank.
- Line 4a and 4b – Mailing Address
Use your international address here. It should be your official business mailing address, even if it’s outside the US
- Line 7a and 7b – Responsible Party’s Name and SSN/ITIN/EIN
In 7a, enter your full legal name as the responsible party.
In 7b, leave this blank if you don’t have an SSN or ITIN. Do not fill in “N/A” or a made-up number. The IRS accepts it blank for foreign applicants.
- Line 8a – Is this LLC owned by a corporation or another entity?
Select “Yes” or “No” based on your situation.
- Line 9a – Type of Entity
Check “Limited Liability Company (LLC)” and write “1” or the number of members next to it.
- Line 10 – Reason for Applying
Select “Started a new business” or “Compliance with IRS withholding regulations,” depending on your reason.
- Line 18 – Have you ever applied for an EIN before?
Choose “No” if this is your first time. If you’ve applied before, say “Yes” and provide the details.
Remember to use capital letters when filling the form by hand to keep everything clear and legible. Sign and date the form at the bottom, even if you’re submitting by fax or via a third party.
Best Practices and Tips for Foreign Owners
Applying for an EIN as a non-resident can feel overwhelming, especially if you’re not familiar with the US system. But with the right tips, you can avoid common mistakes and get your EIN faster.
Double-Check Your SS-4 Form
Many delays happen because of small mistakes, like missing information or forgetting to sign the form. Before you send it, make sure:
- You’ve clearly written “Foreign” at the top.
- The SSN/ITIN section is left blank (not filled with random numbers).
- Your business name matches exactly what’s on your registration documents.
- You’ve provided an international phone number that works.
Use a Reliable Fax Service
If you’re faxing your application, choose a service that gives delivery confirmation. Some online fax services (like eFax or Fax.Plus) are perfect for applicants outside the US
Keep a Copy of Everything
Before sending your SS-4 form, save a PDF or print copy. Also, save the IRS confirmation letter (CP-575) when it arrives. You’ll need this document for banking, tax filing, and other business needs.
Don’t Wait Until the Last Minute
If you’re forming your LLC or setting up your business bank account, your EIN is a must-have. Apply early so it doesn’t delay your setup or tax deadlines.
Consider a Filing Service if You’re Unsure
If this all feels too technical or time-consuming, consider using a trusted third-party service such as a registered agent to help you file. They can review your SS-4 for accuracy and handle the faxing for you.
Final Thoughts
How to get an EIN for a non-resident might seem tricky at first, but it’s completely doable. From understanding what an EIN is to filling out Form SS-4 correctly, this article has shown you everything you need to accomplish the process. It doesn’t matter if you apply on your own or get help from a third party, you now know exactly what to expect.
Need help forming your US business and applying for an EIN the right way? Visit EINwaittime.com for tools, guides, and expert support tailored for foreign business owners.